WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.400 Assalamu alaikum, and welcome to our first IMATX halaqa. 2 00:00:05.900 --> 00:00:23.156 We're beginning with the first ten ayat of Surah Al-A'raf. They open with the Book that was revealed, turn to communities that rejected the messengers sent to them, and end with the questioning, the weighing of deeds on the Day of Judgment, and the provision Allah has given us on earth. 3 00:00:23.656 --> 00:00:34.456 We'll take the passage one ayah at a time, each one recited by Mishary Rashid Alafasy before we look at it, with two questions to carry into our discussion. 4 00:00:34.956 --> 00:00:38.868 If you have any questions, bring them along to the halaqa. 5 00:00:40.068 --> 00:00:51.036 Surah Al-A'raf is the seventh surah of the Qur'an, two hundred and six ayat, and it was revealed in Makkah. It is the longest of the Makkan surahs. 6 00:00:51.536 --> 00:01:06.296 Much of it tells the stories of earlier prophets and how their people responded to them. Those stories speak to the situation facing the Prophet Muhammad, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, as he called his own people to faith and met their rejection. 7 00:01:06.796 --> 00:01:17.956 These opening ten ayat come before any of those accounts and introduce the themes that run through them: following Allah's guidance, answering for our actions, and recognizing His blessings. 8 00:01:19.156 --> 00:01:32.895 [Al-A'raf 7:1] 9 00:01:33.695 --> 00:01:38.303 Alif, Lam, Meem, Sad. 10 00:01:38.803 --> 00:01:49.363 These are among the separate letters that appear at the beginning of several surahs. Scholars have offered different explanations for them, but there is no single agreed interpretation. 11 00:01:49.863 --> 00:01:59.463 Al-Jalalayn says that Allah knows best what they mean. Al-Qurtubi records this position alongside other interpretations. 12 00:01:59.963 --> 00:02:05.867 We'll leave their meaning with Allah and turn to the next ayah, which introduces the Book itself. 13 00:02:07.067 --> 00:02:22.175 [Al-A'raf 7:2] 14 00:02:22.975 --> 00:02:36.631 Allah addresses the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, telling him that this Book has been revealed to him. He is to convey it as a warning and a reminder to the believers, without distress in his chest over it. 15 00:02:37.131 --> 00:02:59.379 The word translated as distress is haraj. Its root picture is tightness, a space with no room left in it. Ibn Kathir records explanations of it as doubt about the revelation, reported from Mujahid, Qatadah and as-Suddi, or as hesitation in conveying it. Al-Jalalayn connects it to the fear of being called a liar when delivering the message. 16 00:02:59.879 --> 00:03:06.647 The Prophet was facing rejection, and this ayah directs him to continue conveying what Allah had revealed. 17 00:03:07.147 --> 00:03:21.499 The ayah also tells us what the Qur'an is for. It warns people of the consequences of rejecting Allah's guidance, and it reminds believers of what they need to remember and live by. Even those who already believe need that reminder. 18 00:03:21.999 --> 00:03:29.103 Most of us hear a reminder and think of someone else it would suit. It is worth asking which of them was meant for us. 19 00:03:30.303 --> 00:03:53.577 [Al-A'raf 7:3] 20 00:03:54.377 --> 00:04:05.681 After addressing the Prophet, Allah now addresses those who receive the message. He commands them to follow what has been revealed to them from their Lord, and not to follow other authorities in place of His guidance. 21 00:04:06.181 --> 00:04:24.037 The word used here is awliya, translated as allies. It shares a root with wali, familiar to many of us in Indonesian: the one who is close enough to take charge of your affairs. Ibn Kathir explains the ayah as a warning against abandoning the revelation to follow other authorities. 22 00:04:24.537 --> 00:04:34.641 The ayah does not tell us to have no teachers or leaders. The warning is about whose word decides when their advice and the revelation disagree. 23 00:04:35.141 --> 00:04:44.861 It ends with qalilan ma tadhakkarun, little do you remember. The verb is not about a weak memory. It is about taking something to heart. 24 00:04:45.361 --> 00:05:02.473 We turn to family, teachers, community leaders and many other voices. When their advice conflicts with Allah's guidance, how do we respond? Following the revelation asks more than knowing what it says; it asks that we let it settle the decision. 25 00:05:03.673 --> 00:05:19.954 [Al-A'raf 7:4] 26 00:05:20.754 --> 00:05:31.866 After commanding people to follow His guidance, Allah reminds them of earlier communities that were destroyed. His punishment came upon them at night, or while they were resting at midday. 27 00:05:32.366 --> 00:05:40.982 Ibn Kathir connects their destruction to their rejection of the messengers. The warning they had refused became a reality. 28 00:05:41.482 --> 00:05:54.298 The ayah names two ordinary hours of rest, when people feel secure and do not expect their lives to be interrupted. Ibn Kathir describes these as times of rest or heedlessness. 29 00:05:54.798 --> 00:06:07.854 Our own safest hours are much the same: the end of a working day, a quiet weekend, a season when nothing in particular is going wrong. Those are the hours when we are least likely to act on what we have heard. 30 00:06:08.354 --> 00:06:13.106 The next ayah tells us what those communities said when the punishment arrived. 31 00:06:14.306 --> 00:06:40.869 [Al-A'raf 7:5] 32 00:06:41.669 --> 00:06:47.837 When the punishment came, their only response was to say, indeed, we were wrongdoers. 33 00:06:48.337 --> 00:07:00.193 Ibn Kathir explains that they acknowledged their wrongdoing and that they deserved what had come to them. They recognized the truth of what they had been warned about, but only after the warning had been carried out. 34 00:07:00.693 --> 00:07:12.909 What the ayah records is a bare admission. They offer no excuse and name no one else. The words themselves were correct; what was gone was the opportunity to act on them. 35 00:07:13.409 --> 00:07:26.369 Admitting we are wrong is difficult, especially when it means changing how we behave or making amends to someone. These verses give us reason to take that step while it still counts for something. 36 00:07:27.569 --> 00:07:38.978 [Al-A'raf 7:6] 37 00:07:39.778 --> 00:07:46.978 Allah says that He will surely question those to whom the message was sent, and He will surely question the messengers. 38 00:07:47.478 --> 00:07:55.494 Ibn Kathir explains that the people will be asked how they responded to the message, and the messengers about their delivery of it. 39 00:07:55.994 --> 00:08:02.906 The questioning covers both sides of the same trust: conveying the guidance, and receiving it. 40 00:08:03.406 --> 00:08:22.174 A narration in Sahih al-Bukhari shows the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, doing exactly that. In a sermon on the Day of Sacrifice he asked those present to acknowledge that he had conveyed Allah's message, called Allah to witness when they affirmed it, and instructed them to pass it on to those who were absent. 41 00:08:22.674 --> 00:08:41.226 For most of us the receiving side is the obvious one. But anyone who has passed on something they learned, to a child, a student, or a friend who asked, is standing on the other side as well. What we hand on, and how carefully, is part of the account too. 42 00:08:41.726 --> 00:08:48.686 The next ayah makes clear that this questioning takes place with complete knowledge of what everyone said and did. 43 00:08:49.886 --> 00:09:02.987 [Al-A'raf 7:7] 44 00:09:03.787 --> 00:09:09.835 Allah says that He will recount their deeds to them with knowledge, and that He was never absent. 45 00:09:10.335 --> 00:09:23.799 The questioning in the previous ayah does not arise from any lack of knowledge. Ibn Kathir explains that Allah knows everything people said and did, great or small. Nothing was hidden from Him. 46 00:09:24.299 --> 00:09:32.147 Taken together, the two ayat establish that people will answer for their response to the message, and that the account of their lives will be complete. 47 00:09:32.647 --> 00:09:46.255 This asks us to take seriously the actions nobody else sees, and it runs in both directions. The wrong we do quietly is known to Allah. So is the good: the help given without anyone hearing about it, the prayer nobody counted. 48 00:09:47.455 --> 00:10:02.124 [Al-A'raf 7:8] 49 00:10:02.924 --> 00:10:11.780 Allah tells us that the weighing on the Day of Judgment will be true and just. Those whose scales are heavy will be the successful. 50 00:10:12.280 --> 00:10:26.632 Al-Jalalayn explains this as the true, fair weighing. Ibn Kathir connects it to an ayah in Surah Al-Anbiya, which says that even the weight of a mustard seed will be brought forward. No one will be wronged. 51 00:10:27.132 --> 00:10:37.644 What is weighed? Ibn Kathir records three explanations: the deeds themselves, the records of those deeds, and the people who performed them. He concludes that all three may occur. 52 00:10:38.144 --> 00:10:58.712 Two narrations tell us what carries weight. In Sahih Muslim, the Prophet, sallallahu alayhi wa sallam, teaches that praise of Allah, alhamdulillah, fills the scale. In Jami' at-Tirmidhi, he teaches that nothing is heavier in a believer's balance on the Day of Judgment than good character. 53 00:10:59.212 --> 00:11:11.164 Neither of those is out of reach. One is a word, and the other is how we speak when we are frustrated and how we treat someone who has upset us. Both are available to us today. 54 00:11:12.364 --> 00:11:31.562 [Al-A'raf 7:9] 55 00:11:32.362 --> 00:11:41.362 Allah then describes those whose scales are light. They will have lost themselves, because of the wrong they did toward His verses. 56 00:11:41.862 --> 00:11:54.870 The expression is khasiru anfusahum, they have lost themselves. It describes the depth of the loss on the Day of Judgment, when people face the consequences of how they answered Allah's guidance. 57 00:11:55.370 --> 00:12:05.282 This brings us back to the beginning of the passage. Ayah three commanded people to follow what their Lord had revealed. Here we are shown what rejecting it costs. 58 00:12:05.782 --> 00:12:17.038 Together, ayat eight and nine give both encouragement and warning. The weighing will be just, and our response to Allah's verses is what it weighs. 59 00:12:17.538 --> 00:12:28.386 For us, that means using the time we have: acting on what we learn, seeking forgiveness for our faults, and continuing the good we have already started. 60 00:12:29.586 --> 00:12:44.557 [Al-A'raf 7:10] 61 00:12:45.357 --> 00:12:54.765 Allah reminds us that He has established us on the earth and made in it the means of living. Yet, the ayah says, little are we grateful. 62 00:12:55.265 --> 00:13:10.265 Ma'ayish refers to what sustains life. Al-Jalalayn glosses it as the means of sustaining life, and Ibn Kathir makes it concrete: a place to live, mountains and rivers, rain that brings food, and the ways we earn a living. 63 00:13:10.765 --> 00:13:30.373 The ayah ends with qalilan ma tashkurun, little are you grateful. Ayah three ended with qalilan ma tadhakkarun, little do you remember. The passage opens by giving us a Book and closes by giving us the earth, and says the same thing about our response to both. 64 00:13:30.873 --> 00:13:50.625 Gratitude here is shukr, the word Indonesian took as syukur. It begins with recognizing where these blessings come from, and it shows in what we do with them: thanking Allah, sharing food, helping someone with a skill we have, giving time to a person who needs it. 65 00:13:51.125 --> 00:14:03.773 That is the whole passage. It asks us to take the guidance we have been given seriously, to answer for how we respond to it while we still can, and to recognize the One who provided everything we are answering with. 66 00:14:04.973 --> 00:14:10.373 Before we meet, here are two questions to think about. 67 00:14:10.873 --> 00:14:20.377 First, we've read the command to follow Allah's guidance. What makes that difficult in everyday life, and what would help us follow it more consistently? 68 00:14:20.877 --> 00:14:30.885 Second, we've read about the ways Allah provides for us. What is one blessing you sometimes take for granted, and how could you show gratitude for it this week? 69 00:14:31.385 --> 00:14:40.793 We'll use these questions to begin our discussion. You're also welcome to bring questions about any of the ayat we've covered. No preparation is required. 70 00:14:41.993 --> 00:14:51.113 We'll meet on Tuesday at seven in the evening, Central time, on Google Meet. The session will last an hour, and the joining link is on the session website. 71 00:14:51.613 --> 00:14:56.173 Everyone is welcome, including anyone who is new to studying the Qur'an. 72 00:14:56.673 --> 00:15:04.689 Next session, we'll continue from ayah eleven, with the account of Adam and the refusal of Iblis to prostrate. 73 00:15:05.189 --> 00:15:10.805 Thank you for listening. We look forward to seeing you at the halaqa, in sha Allah. 74 00:15:11.305 --> 00:15:15.913 Wassalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.